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Is tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility effective?

Jie Pan, Zhengchao Shi, Dingsai Lin, Ningmin Yang, Fei Meng, Lang Lin, Zhencheng Jin, Qingjie Zhou, Jiansheng Wu, Jianzhong Zhang, Youming Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 43-50 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0706-8

摘要： An effective eradication therapy of ( ) should be used for the first time. In this study, we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than traditional therapy. We also evaluated the factors that cause treatment failure in high-resistance areas. For this multicenter trial, we recruited 467 -positive patients. The patients were randomly assigned to receive tailored triple therapy (TATT), tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TABQT), or traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TRBQT). For the TATT and TABQT groups, antibiotic selection proceeded via susceptibility testing using an agar-dilution test. The patients in the TRBQT group were given amoxicillin, clarithromycin, esomeprazole, and bismuth. Successful eradication was defined as a negative C-urea breath test at least eight weeks after the treatment ended. Susceptibility testing was conducted using an agar-dilution test. The eradication rate was examined via intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole resistance rates were 26.12%, 28.69%, and 96.79%, respectively. Resistance against amoxicillin and furazolidone was rare. The eradication rates for TATT, TRBQT, and TABQT were 67.32%, 63.69%, and 85.99% in the ITT analysis ( <0.001) and 74.64%, 68.49%, and 91.22% in the PP analysis ( <0.001), respectively. The efficacy of TABQT was affected by clarithromycin resistance, and bismuth exerted a direct influence on TATT failure. TABQT was the most efficacious regimen for use in high-resistance regions, especially among clarithromycin-susceptible patients.

关键词： tailored triple therapy     tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy     traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy     antibiotic susceptibility testing     eradication rates    

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Progress in systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer

Hongnan Mo, Binghe Xu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0741-5

摘要： Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a heterogeneous genetic profile. Chemotherapy exhibits substantial activity in a small subset of these patients. Drug resistance is inevitable. Major progress has been made in the genetic analysis of TNBC to identify novel targets and increase the precision of therapeutic intervention. Such progress has translated into major advances in treatment strategies, including modified chemotherapy approaches, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapeutic drugs. All of these strategies have been evaluated in clinical trials. Nevertheless, patient selection remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice.

关键词： triple-negative breast cancer     immunotherapy     targeted therapy    

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Decitabine induces -mediated immune responses in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer: a clinical

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1016-8

摘要： p53 is mutated in half of cancer cases. However, no p53-targeting drugs have been approved. Here, we reposition decitabine for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype with frequent p53 mutations and extremely poor prognosis. In a retrospective study on tissue microarrays with 132 TNBC cases, DNMT1 overexpression was associated with p53 mutations (P = 0.037) and poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010). In a prospective DEciTabinE and Carboplatin in TNBC (DETECT) trial (NCT03295552), decitabine with carboplatin produced an objective response rate (ORR) of 42% in 12 patients with stage IV TNBC. Among the 9 trialed patients with available TP53 sequencing results, the 6 patients with p53 mutations had higher ORR (3/6 vs. 0/3) and better OS (16.0 vs. 4.0 months) than the patients with wild-type p53. In a mechanistic study, isogenic TNBC cell lines harboring DETECT-derived p53 mutations exhibited higher DNMT1 expression and decitabine sensitivity than the cell line with wild-type p53. In the DETECT trial, decitabine induced strong immune responses featuring the striking upregulation of the innate immune player IRF7 in the p53-mutated TNBC cell line (upregulation by 16-fold) and the most responsive patient with TNBC. Our integrative studies reveal the potential of repurposing decitabine for the treatment of p53-mutated TNBC and suggest IRF7 as a potential biomarker for decitabine-based treatments.

关键词： p53 mutation     triple-negative breast cancer     decitabine     DNMT1     IRF7     innate immune response    

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Crack detection of the cantilever beam using new triple hybrid algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Amin GHANNADIASL; Saeedeh GHAEMIFARD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1127-1140 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0838-9

摘要： The presence of cracks in a concrete structure reduces its performance and increases in the size of cracks result in the failure of the structure. Therefore, the accurate determination of crack characteristics, such as location and depth, is one of the key engineering issues for assessment of the reliability of structures. This paper deals with the inverse analysis of the crack detection problems using triple hybrid algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); these hybrids are Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm-Firefly Algorithm (PSO-GA-FA), Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization-Firefly Algorithm (PSO-GWO-FA), and Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm-Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-GA-GWO). A strong correlation exists between the changes in the natural frequency of a concrete beam and the crack parameters. Thus, the location and depth of a crack in a beam can be predicted by measuring its natural frequency. Hence, the measured natural frequency can be used as the input parameter of the algorithm. In this paper, this is applied to identify crack location and depth in a cantilever beam using the new hybrid algorithms. The results show that among the proposed triple hybrid algorithms, the PSO-GA-FA and PSO-GWO-FA algorithms are much more effective than PSO-GA-GWO algorithm for the crack detection.

关键词： crack     cantilever beam     triple hybrid algorithms     Particle Swarm Optimization    

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Fabrication of titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolites with tailored catalytic activity

Baoyu Liu, Qiaowen Mu, Jiajin Huang, Wei Tan, Jing Xiao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 772-782 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1859-3

摘要： Titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolite nanosheets were successfully synthesized by infiltrating the mixed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) solvent into the gallery space between adjacent MFI zeolite layers. The obtained zeolite catalysts were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, N adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The H O oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of the obtained titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolites. The conversion of DBT and selectivity of dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTS) were most affected by the textural properties of the zeolites. This was attributed to the DBT and DBTS molecules being larger than micropores of the MFI zeolites. The conversion of DBT and yield of DBTS could be systematically tailored by tuning the molar ratio of the TEOS/TBOT solvent. These results implied that a balance between the meso- and microporosity of zeolites and tetrahedrally coordinated Ti(IV) active sites of titanosilicate pillars can be achieved for the preparation of desired catalysts during the oxidation of bulk S compounds.

关键词： MFI zeolite     catalysis     nanosheets     fabrication    

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Energy-efficient recovery of tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate by triple-column extractive distillation

Ao Yang, Yang Su, Tao Shi, Jingzheng Ren, Weifeng Shen, Teng Zhou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 303-315 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2044-z

摘要： An energy-efficient triple-column extractive distillation process is developed for recovering tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate from industrial effluent. The process development follows a rigorous hierarchical design procedure that involves entrainer design, thermodynamic analysis, process design and optimization, and heat integration. The computer-aided molecular design method is firstly used to find promising entrainer candidates and the best one is determined via rigorous thermodynamic analysis. Subsequently, the direct and indirect triple-column extractive distillation processes are proposed in the conceptual design step. These two extractive distillation processes are then optimized by employing an improved genetic algorithm. Finally, heat integration is performed to further reduce the process energy consumption. The results indicate that the indirect extractive distillation process with heat integration shows the highest performance in terms of the process economics.

关键词： extractive distillation     solvent selection     conceptual design     process optimization     heat integration    

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification     Nanoparticle     Hydrophilic     Amphiphilic     Blending    

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How to judge the association of postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer

Ling XU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 290-293 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0093-7

摘要： The relevance of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) for breast cancer risk has been long debated, although it is one of the most important barriers for women to accept HT. Various opinions have been reported from recent randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies. These unanswered questions include: whether HT has a positive impact on breast cancer; whether risks of therapy with unopposed estrogen and combined estrogen-progestin are different; and whether different types and routes of estrogen and progestogens, as well as the duration and cessation of HT use, have different impacts on this disorder. Recently, there has been some good news such as the following: the currently available data do not provide sufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship between postmenopausal HT and breast cancer; breast cancer in postmenopausal women using HT usually has better prognosis than that of nonusers. In conclusion, HT is still the most effective method of relieving climacteric symptoms for many postmenopausal women. However, a possible risk of breast cancer associated with long-term HT usage should not be ignored. With respect to prevention of breast cancer, regular evaluation of individual breast cancer susceptibility and close follow-up through mammography and/or breast sonography are necessary strategies for the safety of HT use.

关键词： breast cancer     postmenopausal hormone therapy     unopposed estrogen therapy     combined estrogen-progestin therapy    

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Particle therapy for cancers: a new weapon in radiation therapy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 165-172 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0196-4

摘要：

Particle irradiation started to draw attention in the past decade and has now become a hotspot in the radiation oncology community. This article reviews the most advanced developments in particle irradiation, focusing on the characteristics of proton and carbon ions in radiation physics and radiobiology. The Bragg peak of physical dose distribution causes proton and carbon beams to optimally meet the requirement for cancer irradiation because the Bragg peak permits the accurate concentration of the dose on the tumor, thus sparing the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, carbon ion has more radiobiological benefits than photon and proton beams. These benefits include stronger sterilization effects on intrinsic radio-resistant tumors and more effective killing of hypoxic, G0, and S phase cells. Compared with the most advanced radiation techniques using photon, such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy has yielded more promising outcomes in local control and survival for head and neck cancers, prostate carcinoma, and pediatric cancers. Carbon therapy in Japan showed even more promising results than proton therapy. The local controls and overall survivals were as good as that treated by surgery in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and head and neck cancers, especially for such highly resistant tumors as melanoma. The non-invasive nature of particle therapy affords more patients with chances to receive and benefit from treatment. Particle therapy is gradually getting attention from the oncology community. However, the cost of particle therapy facilities has limited the worldwide use of this technology.

关键词： radiation therapy     particle therapy     proton     carbon     cancer    

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performance solid-state thermoelectric energy conversion via inorganic metal halide perovskites under tailored

Lifu YAN, Lingling ZHAO, Guiting YANG, Shichao LIU, Yang LIU, Shangchao LIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 581-594 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0831-y

摘要： Solid-state thermoelectric energy conversion devices attract broad research interests because of their great promises in waste heat recycling, space power generation, deep water power generation, and temperature control, but the search for essential thermoelectric materials with high performance still remains a great challenge. As an emerging low cost, solution-processed thermoelectric material, inorganic metal halide perovskites CsPb(I1–xBrx)3 under mechanical deformation is systematically investigated using the first-principle calculations and the Boltzmann transport theory. It is demonstrated that halogen mixing and mechanical deformation are efficient methods to tailor electronic structures and charge transport properties in CsPb(I1–xBrx)3 synergistically. Halogen mixing leads to band splitting and anisotropic charge transport due to symmetry-breaking-induced intrinsic strains. Such band splitting reconstructs the band edge and can decrease the charge carrier effective mass, leading to excellent charge transport properties. Mechanical deformation can further push the orbital energies apart from each other in a more controllable manner, surpassing the impact from intrinsic strains. Both anisotropic charge transport properties andZT values are sensitive to the direction and magnitude of strain, showing a wide range of variation from 20% to 400% (with a ZT value of up to 1.85) compared with unstrained cases. The power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric device can reach as high as approximately 12% using mixed halide perovskites under tailored mechanical deformation when the heat-source is at 500 K and the cold side is maintained at 300 K, surpassing the performance of many existing bulk thermoelectric materials.

关键词： inorganic metal halide perovskites     mechanical deformation     thermoelectrics     first-principle calculations     Boltzmann transport theory    

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Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1021-y

摘要： The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) has been ongoing for over 3 years. Antibody therapies encompassing convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) applied in passive immunotherapy have yielded positive outcomes and played a crucial role in the early COVID-19 treatment. In this review, the development path, action mechanism, clinical research results, challenges, and safety profile associated with the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin, and mAbs were summarized. In addition, the prospects of applying antibody therapy against VOCs was assessed, offering insights into the coping strategies for facing new infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     convalescent plasma     hyperimmunoglobulin     neutralizing monoclonal antibodies    

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三级倒立摆的云控制方法及动平衡模式

李德毅

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第2期   页码 41-46

摘要：

文章提出了定性和定量之间转换的云模型的形式化表示方法，用来反映语言值中蕴涵的模糊性和随机性，给出云发生器的生成算法，解释多条定性推理规则同时被激活时的不确定性推理机制。利用这种智能控制方法有效地实现了单电机控制的一、二、三级倒立摆的多种不同动平衡姿态，显示其鲁棒性，并给出了详细试验结果。研究成果不仅可用于对太空飞行器以及机器人控制，而且对揭示定性定量转换规律和策略具有普遍意义。

关键词： 智能控制     云模型     定性推理     倒立摆    

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mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?

Shi-Yong Sun

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 221-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7

摘要： The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.

关键词： mTOR     cancer therapy     resistance     GSK3     protein degradation     E3 ubiquitin ligase     PD-L1    

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Targeted therapy of desmoid-type fibromatosis: mechanism, current situation, and future prospects

Zhen Wang, Jianhui Wu, Xiuyun Tian, Chunyi Hao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 427-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0672-6

摘要： Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare monoclonal fibroblastic proliferation that is characterized by locally infiltrative but rarely metastatic lesions. Tyrosine kinase and γ-secretase inhibitors are primarily used in the targeted therapy of DF. The use of these drugs, however, is mainly based on the recommendations of retrospective studies with small sample sizes. Previous studies that focused on the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of targeted therapy for DF were reviewed to provide references for clinical applications and research. The efficacy and safety of targeted therapy were compared with those of other systemic therapy options. Targeted therapy does not provide considerable advantages in efficacy and safety over other medical treatments and is usually applied after the failure of antihormonal therapies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and chemotherapy. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism, indications, and appropriate drug dosage of the targeted therapy of DF.

关键词： targeted therapy     desmoid-type fibromatosis     tyrosine kinase inhibitor     γ-secretase inhibitor    

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Hydroxyl radical-involved cancer therapy via Fenton reactions

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 345-363 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2077-3

摘要： The tumor microenvironment features over-expressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Thus, versatile therapeutic strategies based on H2O2 as a reaction substrate to generate hydroxyl radical (•OH) have been used as a prospective therapeutic method to boost anticancer efficiency. However, the limited Fenton catalysts and insufficient endogenous H2O2 content in tumor sites greatly hinder •OH production, failing to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, supplying Fenton catalysts and elevating H2O2 levels into cancer cells are effective strategies to improve •OH generation. These therapeutic strategies are systematically discussed in this review. Furthermore, the challenges and future developments of hydroxyl radical-involved cancer therapy are discussed to improve therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： hydroxyl radical     Fenton catalyst     hydrogen peroxide     cancer therapy    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Is tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility effective?

Jie Pan, Zhengchao Shi, Dingsai Lin, Ningmin Yang, Fei Meng, Lang Lin, Zhencheng Jin, Qingjie Zhou, Jiansheng Wu, Jianzhong Zhang, Youming Li

期刊论文

Progress in systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer

Hongnan Mo, Binghe Xu

期刊论文

Decitabine induces -mediated immune responses in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer: a clinical

期刊论文

Crack detection of the cantilever beam using new triple hybrid algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Amin GHANNADIASL; Saeedeh GHAEMIFARD

期刊论文

Fabrication of titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolites with tailored catalytic activity

Baoyu Liu, Qiaowen Mu, Jiajin Huang, Wei Tan, Jing Xiao

期刊论文

Energy-efficient recovery of tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate by triple-column extractive distillation

Ao Yang, Yang Su, Tao Shi, Jingzheng Ren, Weifeng Shen, Teng Zhou

期刊论文

Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

期刊论文

How to judge the association of postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer

Ling XU

期刊论文

Particle therapy for cancers: a new weapon in radiation therapy

null

期刊论文

performance solid-state thermoelectric energy conversion via inorganic metal halide perovskites under tailored

Lifu YAN, Lingling ZHAO, Guiting YANG, Shichao LIU, Yang LIU, Shangchao LIN

期刊论文

Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases

期刊论文

三级倒立摆的云控制方法及动平衡模式

李德毅

期刊论文

mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?

Shi-Yong Sun

期刊论文

Targeted therapy of desmoid-type fibromatosis: mechanism, current situation, and future prospects

Zhen Wang, Jianhui Wu, Xiuyun Tian, Chunyi Hao

期刊论文

Hydroxyl radical-involved cancer therapy via Fenton reactions

期刊论文